Causative drugs for drug-induced cutaneous reactions in central China: a 608-case analysis

Abstract Background: Reports regarding the causative drugs of drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions in China are indistinct, such that different regions have reported the spectrum of drugs differs substantially in different clinical conditions. Objective: To explore the causative drugs that led to cutaneous reactions. Methods: Adverse drug reaction reports from central China were collected and divided into cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions groups. Cases were reviewed retrospectively for causative drugs. Results: The male:female ratio was equal in both cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. In cutaneous adverse reactions (n = 482), the highest incidence happened between 51 and 60 years of age and the top three causative drugs were antibiotics (48%), Chinese medicine (16%), and allopurinol (9%). In severe cutaneous adverse reactions (n = 126), the highest incidence happened between 41 and 50 years of age and the top three causative drugs were sedative-hypnotics and antiepileptics (39%), antibiotics (22%), and allopurinol (15%). Carbamazepine was the most frequently used single-drug (16/18) in sedative-hypnotics and antiepileptics. β-lactams were the most frequently used antibiotics that induced both cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Study limitations: The small sample size, retrospective design, collection of cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions at different time frames and locations, and exclusion of patients taking more than five medications are limitations of the study. Conclusions: Gender does not affect cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. The top three drugs to induce cutaneous adverse reactions are antibiotics, Chinese medicine, and allopurinol, while those that triggered severe cutaneous adverse reactions are sedative-hypnotics and antiepileptics, antibiotics, and allopurinol. Carbamazepine is the most frequent single drug that induces severe cutaneous adverse reactions. β-lactams are the most frequently used antibiotics that induce both cutaneous adverse reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

Clinical observation of high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis:10 years follow-up / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore long-term following-up clinical effects of lateral closed high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#Twenty patients with medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis were treated with lateral closed high tibial osteotomy and screw fixation from June 2005 to December 2015. Among them, including 17 females and 3 males, aged from 43 to 76 years old with an average of (57.80±8.05) years old. VAS score and KSS score were applied to evaluate recovery degree of pain and function before operation and after operation at 1, 5 and 10 years, and postoperative complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#Sixteen patients were followed-up, the time ranged from 9 to 11(10.0±0.8) years, 4 patients were loss to follow-up. Preoperative VAS score was 7.88±1.15 and decreased to 3.19±0.91, 3.44±0.96, 3.69±1.20 at 1, 5 and 10 years after operation, and there were statistical differences in VAS score between before and after operation at different time points (<0.05). Clinical score of KSS increased from 61.94±5.74 before opertaion to 75.50±4.62, 80.13±3.97, 77.38±6.40 at 1, 5 and 10 years after operation, and there were statistical differences in clinical score of KSS between before and after operation at different time points(<0.05); functional score of KSS increased from 62.81±13.03 before operation to 77.50±8.56, 81.88±6.55, 76.88±10.78, and there were statistical differences in functional score of KSS between before and after operation at different time points(<0.05). All incisions healed well without complications such as fibula nerve injury and fracture nonunion.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lateral closed high tibial osteotomy and screw fixation for knee osteoarthritis could receive good clinical results, stop and delay progress of knee osteoarthritis, and long-term following-up could achieve the same effect as total knee arthroplasty.

Function of OTUD7B in acute myeloid leukemia cells and its mechanism / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the biological effect and mechanism of OTUD7B in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.Methods·The expression of OTUD7B in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells of AML patients were detected.The relationship between OTUD7B and survival of AML patients was confirmed by using TCGA database.Mouse model of M2 type AML was established,and the expression of OTUD7B in the bone marrow,spleen and liver of the mice was detected.OTUD7B was overexpressed in AML cell lines HL60 and kasumil,then the cell viability and cell cycle were measured.The AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were detected after OTUD7B overexpressed and then the cell growth inhibition was detected after overexpression ofAKT1.Results·The expression of OTUD7B was lower in primary leukemia cells from all types of AML patients and in the bone marrow,liver and spleen of M2 type AML mice,which was closely related to the survival time of AML patients.OTUD7B overexpression in HL60 and kasumil cells significantly inhibited the cell viability and decreased the percentage of S phase cells.OTUD7B significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR,and AKT1 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of OTUD7B on cell growth.Conclusion·OTUD7B expression is low in primary leukemia ceils from AML patients and in bone marrow,liver and spleen of the M2 type AML mice.The survival time of patients with low OTUD7B expression is shorter.Overexpression of OTUD7B significantly inhibited the cell viability of HL60 and kasumi 1 cells and the entry of cells into S phase.The inhibitory effect of OTUD7B overexpression on AML cells might be related to the inhibition ofAKT / mTOR signaling pathway.